My Life in the Bush of Ghosts

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
File:My Life in the Bush of Ghosts.jpg
Studio album by Brian Eno–David Byrne
Released	February 1981 (1981-02)
Recorded	1979–1980
Studio	Template:Collapsible list
Length	39:40
Language	English Arabic
Label	Sire E.G.
Producer	Brian Eno David Byrne
Brian Eno and David Byrne chronology
My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) Everything That Happens Will Happen Today (2008)
David Byrne chronology
My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) The Catherine Wheel (1981)
2006 reissue cover
File:My Life in the Bush of Ghosts 2.jpg
Singles from My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
The Jezebel Spirit Released: 29 May 1981

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts is the first collaborative studio album by Brian Eno and David Byrne, released in February 1981. It was Byrne's first album without his band Talking Heads. The album integrates sampled vocals and found sounds, African and Middle Eastern rhythms, and electronic music techniques. It was recorded before Eno and Byrne's work on Talking Heads' 1980 album Remain in Light, but problems clearing samples delayed its release by several months.

The album title is derived from Amos Tutuola's 1954 novel My Life in the Bush of Ghosts. According to Byrne's 2006 liner notes, neither he nor Eno had read the novel, but they felt the title "seemed to encapsulate what this record was about".

The extensive sampling on the album is considered innovative, though its influence on later sample-based music genres is debated.

Recording

Brian Eno (pictured in 2007) devised the album's sample-centric approach.

Eno and Byrne first worked together on More Songs About Buildings and Food, the 1978 album by Byrne's band Talking Heads. My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was primarily recorded during a break between the Talking Heads albums Fear of Music (1979) and Remain in Light (1980), both produced by Eno. Eno had also recently recorded Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics with Jon Hassell, who intended to collaborate with Eno and Byrne on the album, but could not afford to fly to California for the recording sessions. Upon hearing the tapes, Hassell felt "outraged" at what he felt was an appropriation of his music.

Eno described My Life as a "vision of a psychedelic Africa". Rather than conventional pop or rock singing, most of the vocals are sampled from other sources, such as commercial recordings of Arabic singers, radio disc jockeys, and an exorcist. Musicians had previously used similar sampling techniques, but, according to Guardian writer Dave Simpson, sampling had never before been used "to such cataclysmic effect". In 2001, Eno cited Holger Czukay's experiments with dictaphones and shortwave radios as earlier examples of sampling. He felt that the "difference was, I suppose, that I decided to make [sampling] the lead vocal". The release was delayed while legal rights were sought for the large number of samples used on the album. A sample of an evangelist Kathryn Kuhlman performing an exorcism intended for "The Jezebel Spirit" was refused by her estate as they objected to the context it was to be used in.

Soon after the album was released, the Islamic Council of Great Britain objected to the use of samples of Qur'anic recital in the track "Qu'ran", considering it blasphemy. Byrne and Eno removed the track from later pressings. In 2006, Byrne said:

Two tracks on the album, "Regiment" and "The Carrier", sample the voice of Lebanese singer Dunya Younes (credited in the album's liner notes as Dunya Yunis). Although Byrne and Eno took care to clear the samples with the label that released the album her vocals had been sampled from, as well as paid for the sampling accordingly, Younes was unaware of the use of her voice on the album until 2017. Both songs were taken down from streaming services after a family representative contacted the duo a year later, and the songs were later reinstated when the issue was settled amicably out of court.

Production

Packaging

The original package design was created by Peter Saville. The cover image was created by pasting small cutout humanoid shapes onto a monitor and pointing a camera at it to create video feedback, infinitely multiplying the shapes. Byrne said of the process: "Somehow, despite it being very techie, these techniques also seemed analogous to what we were doing on the record. It was funky as well as being techie. Extremely lo-tech, actually, and not what you were supposed to do with a TV set."

Music videos

The official short films accompanying two tracks, "America Is Waiting" and "Mea Culpa", were each made by collage filmmaker Bruce Conner.

Reissue

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was reissued on 27 March 2006 in the United Kingdom and on 11 April 2006 in the United States, remastered and with seven extra tracks. To mark the reissue, the entire multitracks for two songs – "Help Me Somebody" and "A Secret Life" – were made available to download. Under the Creative Commons license, members of the public are able to download the multitracks and use them for their own remixes.

Track listing

All music is composed by Brian Eno and David Byrne, except "Regiment" by Eno, Byrne, and Michael "Busta Cherry" Jones

Side A

No.	Title	Length
1.	"America Is Waiting"	3:36
2.	"Mea Culpa"	3:35
3.	"Regiment"	3:56
4.	"Help Me Somebody"	4:18
5.	"The Jezebel Spirit"	4:55

Side B

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Qu'ran"	3:46
2.	"Moonlight in Glory"	4:19
3.	"The Carrier"	3:30
4.	"A Secret Life"	2:20
5.	"Come with Us"	2:38
6.	"Mountain of Needles"	2:35

For the 1981 second edition, the track "Qu'ran" was removed at the request of the Islamic Council of Great Britain. In its place "Very, Very Hungry" (length: 3:21), previously released as the B-side of "The Jezebel Spirit" 12" single, was substituted. The first edition of the CD (1986) included both tracks, with "Very, Very Hungry" as a bonus track. Later editions (1990 and later) followed the revised LP track order without "Qu'ran".

Ghosts

A widely circulated bootleg of outtakes was released in 1992 as Klondyke Records KR 21. Sound quality is nearly equal to the original CD release.

1. "Interview" – 3:03 (excerpt from Brian's February 2, 1980 KPFA-FM interview, where he discusses recording the album)
2. "Mea Culpa" – 4:56
3. "Into the Spirit Womb" [sic] (actual title as spoken on the track is "Into the Spirit World") – 6:07 ("The Jezebel Spirit" with the original Kathryn Kuhlman vocals, which her estate refused to license)
4. "Regiment"  (Byrne, Eno, Jones) – 4:13
5. "The Friends of Amos Tutuola" – 2:01 ("Two Against Three" in the official 2006 re-release)
6. "America Is Waiting"  (Byrne, Eno, Bill Laswell, Wright, David Van Tieghem) – 3:42
7. "The Carrier" – 4:22
8. "Very Very Hungry" – 3:25
9. "On the Way to Zagora" – 2:43 ("Pitch to Voltage" in the official 2006 re-release)
10. "Les Hommes Ne Le Sauront Jamais" – 3:33 ("Number 8 Mix" in the official 2006 re-release)
11. "A Secret Life" – 2:34
12. "Come with Us" – 2:42
13. "Mountain of Needles" – 2:31

Except as noted, the tracks are the same mix as originally released.

2006 expanded issue

Remastered, with bonus tracks. 2, 3, 7 and 8 are longer than on the original album.

1. "America Is Waiting"  (Byrne, Eno, Laswell, Wright, Van Tieghem) – 3:38
2. "Mea Culpa" – 4:57
3. "Regiment"  (Byrne, Eno, Jones) – 4:11
4. "Help Me Somebody" – 4:17
5. "The Jezebel Spirit" – 4:56
6. "Very, Very Hungry" – 3:21
7. "Moonlight in Glory" – 4:30
8. "The Carrier" – 4:19
9. "A Secret Life" – 2:31
10. "Come with Us" – 2:42
11. "Mountain of Needles" – 2:39
12. "Pitch to Voltage" – 2:38
13. "Two Against Three" – 1:55
14. "Vocal Outtakes" – 0:36
15. "New Feet" – 2:26
16. "Defiant" – 3:41
17. "Number 8 Mix" – 3:30
18. "Solo Guitar with Tin Foil" – 3:00

• Enhanced CD video content: "Mea Culpa" (music video by Bruce Conner)

Personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes for the album's 2006 reissue.

• David Byrne and Brian Eno – guitars, bass guitars, synthesizers, drums, percussion, found objects (Eno plays the synthesizer solo on "Regiment")
• John Cooksey – drums on "Help Me Somebody" and "Qu'ran"
• Chris Frantz – drums on "Regiment"
• Robert Fripp – Frippertronics on "Regiment"
• Michael "Busta Cherry" Jones – bass guitar on "Regiment"
• Dennis Keeley – bodhrán on "Mea Culpa"
• Bill Laswell – bass guitar on "America Is Waiting"
• Mingo Lewis – batá, sticks on "The Jezebel Spirit" and "The Carrier"
• Prairie Prince – can, bass drum on "The Jezebel Spirit" and "The Carrier"
• José Rossy – congas, agong-gong on "Moonlight in Glory"
• Steve Scales – congas, metals on "Help Me Somebody"
• David Van Tieghem – drums, percussion (scrap metal, found objects) on "America Is Waiting" and "Regiment"
• Tim Wright – click bass on "America Is Waiting"
• Rooks on "Help Me Somebody" courtesy of April Potts, recorded at Eglingham Hall

Release history

Region	Date	Label	Format	Catalog
Worldwide	1981	Sire	LP	1-6093
			CD	2-6093
		E.G.		48
	1988	Sire		2-6093
			Cassette tape	4-6093
	1990		CD	2-45374
	1991		LP	1-45374
			Cassette tape	4-45374
	1999	EMI	CD	0777 7 86473 2 4
		Sire		45374
	2006	Nonesuch		79894